This post will not quite jive with what I normally do on
this blog, but I have been known to take requests from readers – and one
requested this so here we go.
For those of you who may not know, I am a graduate
student studying history. History is often something not easily justifiable as
a field of study. Within the study of history I am the only student studying
Canadian history. I have had to endure many slings and arrows from fellow history
nerds about the relative superiority of their subsection. Therefore I present
to you:
Ten Reasons Canadian History is Awesome
10 - An Old Nation
A common criticism of Canada is that it is a young
country, and therefore its history is very limited. This is a myth. Yes, the
Dominion of Canada which has evolved into the country we know today was founded
a little over 150 years ago. This is a limitation that virtually no other
nation faces. No one measures French history at the start of the Fifth Republic
in 1958, nor American history after the adoption of the Constitution in 1787,
etc. Canada has had at least 10,000 years of human habitation. Even taking into
account the incredibly narrow view that European contact is the marker of a
start of Canadian history – our origins precede the United States with the 1497
discovery of Newfoundland by John Cabot, or the Viking colony from 1000 CE. We
know far too little about Canada before 1000 CE, but that just means we have
work to do.
9 - Canada in the World, and the World in Canada
Canada is a strange country in that in its long history
it has been very strongly tied to the rest of the world. While at other times
in history other nations have been able to bar its doors and turn its back on
the world, Canada has been unable to. Therefore those things which shook the
world hit Canada, often particularly hard. The best example of this is the
Great Depression. Canada was one of the hardest hit nations in the world with
32% unemployment, only being surpassed by Germany. In geopolitics Canada always
seems to be in the thick of it. Whether the imperial conflicts of English and
French, or the Cold War, Canada is front and centre. The final part of this
point is that the world has found a home in Canada. Multiculturalism has
brought hundreds of ethnicities and languages to Canada and created connections
to the rest of the globe. The history and on-goings of the world are deeply
tied to Canada and her people.
8 - Canada, Battlefield of History
Within the borders of what we now know as Canada have
been several major battles that have shaped the destiny of the whole world. The
battles that took place in Quebec, Nova Scotia and Ontario have as much (or
greater) role in determining the present than any battle in World War II. The
Battles of Louisbourg and the Plains of Abraham are not merely important for
the formation of Canada, but they also effectively ended the French Empire in
North America. During the War of 1812 British and First Nations repelled
repeated American invasions, and also torched Washington – for the win.
If these battles do not seem significant, please consider
the counterfactual scenario, or alternative history. If the British failed to conquer
New France the upper half of North America may have remained French. Canada may
have still come to be, and may still have been called Canada, but it would be a
French nation, not French and English. Had the Americans succeeded in their conquest
of British North America, realizing their dream of Manifest Destiny, the United
States would rule from Baffin Island to the Rio Grande, which assumes that
after conquering Canada and the western United States they would be satisfied.
7 - Towards a Common Country
What Canada is is not a static idea. What is Canada and
who are Canadian is constantly in flux. In each century, and in different parts
of the country, different answers arose to the same questions. Much of Canada’s
history is a debate of who can be included. The most prominent example of this
is the narrative of the struggle between French-Canadians and
English-Canadians. Most countries, I dare say, have not operated this way in
its history. The complex relationship between groups to define Canada is a
fascinating and on-going part of our history.
6 - Canada – Original Stormtroopers
This is the go-to answer for most Canadians of Canadian
history’s greatness – our national accomplishments during the World Wars. For
much of our history Canada has punched above its weight. As a relatively small
country we have had a disproportionate impact on the shape and outcome of major
conflicts. Canadian forces have long been hailed as highly skilled, motivated
and capable soldiers, as evidenced by our performance at Vimy Ridge,
Passchendaele, Juno Beach and the Liberation of Holland – to name a few. Our
fearsome reputation was well earned.
5- Voice for the Voiceless
The form of history most in vogue in Canadian studies these
days – or so it seems to me – is social history. Historians are very interested
in providing voices to the voiceless. The voiceless are those in society who
did not have access to political or social power – women, the lower classes,
immigrants, First Nations, and on. Canadian history offers a panoply of
perspectives and scenarios. Traditional views of how society operated in Canada’s
past is always being challenged, presenting a fascinating mosaic. These
histories are often equally contentious and illuminating.
4 - A Nation of Nations
“Canadianness” is a construction, and many Canadians
(presently and in the past) have multiple identities. Canada is composed of
hundreds, perhaps thousands of competing nations – be they our First Nations,
with their distinct cultures, or the new arrivals. Each nation within Canada
has a distinct story. Figuring out the tale of how Canada came to be is more
often deciphering a mosaic, rather than interpreting a paint-by-numbers. Even
our distinct regions and provincial interests mean that a national narrative
can always be challenged. This diversity of peoples means that Canadian history
is a very simple narrative to learn, but a very difficult thing to understand.
3 – Protest, Revolts and Revolutions
Canadian history is often labelled as being dull. What
people mean by this is that it is not very violent, and we really need a good
spilling of blood to get excited. I blame Hollywood. That being said Canadian
history has its share of spilt blood, despite the perception otherwise. First,
to understand the formation of Canada you have to understand the American
Revolution, which produced two countries, not one. In 1837, 1870, 1885, 1919
and the 1930s we see major revolts in Canada. Many of them have a revolutionary
tenor. It is only through brutal suppression of the government that they were
not successful. Each time the people of Canada rose up another mark was made on
the history of Canada.
The social and political evolution of this country has been
profound from its earliest origins. The roots are ancient, but since then the
tree that is this country has grown and changed dramatically, shaped by the
hands of its people – not just its elites. The social justice principles so
many Canadians hold dear were not an accident of history, they came from a
concerted effort to make this a better country. These movements and their
histories make this country a richer place.
2 - Our ‘Great’ Leaders
Great is a difficult term, but sometimes I think as
cynical Canadians we hesitate to heap praise on our historic leaders. The truth
of the matter is that many of our leaders can stand proud amongst the leaders
of the world. Richard Gwyn has just put out a second volume to his biography to
Sir John A. Macdonald, in an interview he said that Macdonald may be a better
leader than his contemporaries, which include Benjamin Disraeli and Abraham
Lincoln. But there are many figures from our past we can look to: Sir Wilfrid
Laurier, Gen. Arthur Currie, Tecumseh, Joseph Brant, Tommy Douglas, Elijah
Harper, Nellie McClung, Rene Levesque, Louis Riel, to name a few.
There are also the infamous, which I will not list.
Canada has not shortage of colour characters shaping its past. None are saints,
nor are they devils, they’re people who contributed to our present with
fascinating stories.
1 - Who are we?
When I teach history I tend to start off with a simple
idea, we cannot know where we are if we don’t know where we came from. We are
products of our history. Even those new Canadians are part of a larger tapestry
that fits within a larger patchwork assembled over hundreds of years. The
actions of our forbearers have measurable impact on the lives we lead today. Our
individual identities are inextricably tied to how we understand ourselves as a whole country or a nation.
